Following Hernando deSoto and his crew of Portuguese, Spanish, Genoans and Slaves and starting at the orange spot on the right the COFITACHEQUI was one of the first Carolina Tribes they came in contact with. The next town in the orange still is Ilasi [see below] which Charles Hudson says is the same as Juan Pardo's Ylapi in 1570.
Leaving Ilasi it appears the next Carolina Tribe would be the Cherokee, keep in mind they are taking the Native women from the towns they visit. Next they borrowed some Native women from Joara.
"Joara was a large Native American settlement, a regional chiefdom of the Mississippian culture, located in what is now Burke County, North Carolina about 300 miles from the Atlantic coast in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains.[1] Joara is notable as a significant archaeological and historic site, where Mississippian culture-era and European artifacts have been found, in addition to an earthwork platform mound and remains of a 16th-century Spanish fort." Wikipedia
"The first European encounters came in the mid-16th century. In 1540 the party of Spanish conquistador Hernando De Soto recorded visiting this place.[2] A later expedition in 1567 under Juan Pardo, another Spanish explorer, founded the first European settlement in the interior of the continent, establishing Fort San Juan at this site, followed by other forts to the west.[
Members of Hernando DeSoto’s expedition became the first recorded Europeans to encounter the Mississippian culture people, in the towns of Chalaque, Guaqili, Xuala (Joara), and Guasili.[1] Joara was a regional chiefdom established around the year 1000 near the present day town of Morganton, North Carolina.[2] These villages are believed to have been developed by Catawba ancestors (specifically the Cheraw).
Next to towns he visited would be Chisca and Chiaha in East Tennesee, Southwest Virginia and Southern Kentucky. The Chisca were brothers to the Choctaw.
Before the tribes of Chickasaw and Choctaw were two different tribes, they were one entity. The tribe was split into two groups, each with their own leader. Chiksa' and Chahta were brothers and led the two groups. HERE
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Ylasi on the Pee Dee River
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This is just one leg of the journey of these explorers with their European and African DNA mixing with the Native Women.
They mixed with the Tribes in Georgia, Mississippi, and Alabama. Documented, a three year journey across the Southwest. How many descendants did they leave? How many of deAyllon's men's descendants? How many of Juan Pardo's mens in 1670 left descendants with the Native Women?
It's called Pre-Contact. Roberta Estes, Jack Goins, Penny Ferguson and Janet Crain were all well aware of these Spanish, Portuguese, and Africans and their DNA before they wrote that 2012 paper when they wrote the Melungeons there was 'no evidence of Native American DNA.
Robert Estes:
Scientists know today that there are only two primary haplogroups indicating deep ancestry that are found among Native American males who were here prior to contact with Indo-Europeans, and those haplogroups are C and Q3. It is not accurate to say that all C and Q3 individuals exist only in the American Native population, but the American Native population is part of the larger group worldwide that comprises C and Q3. We find little to no C or Q3 in European or African populations, although we do learn more every single day in this infant science.
This sometimes becomes confusing, because the single most common male haplogroup among current Cherokee tribal members who have tested is R1b. How can this be, you ask?
Clearly, one of three possibilities exists:
1. The Cherokee (or those tribes who were assimilated into the Cherokee) adopted a European male into the tribe or a European male fathered a child that was subsequently raised as Cherokee.
2. The R1b ancestor was not adopted into the tribe, maintained their European/American identity but married a Cherokee individual. This might be the case where one of the 8 great-grandparents in our example was white, and the other 7 were not.
3. There is some level of R1b admixture in the Native Population that preceded contact with Europeans that we have not yet identified. Proving Your Native American Heritage 2007
Ms Estes was a member of the Rootsweb Melungeon List when I posted this information, she asked me for a source, I sent her the linke to the DESOTO JOURNALS Published in 1587. Goins, Ferguson, and Crain were all members of this list as well as private email chain I was involved in, they were all aware of PRE-CONTACT.
The Lady and The Slave
As they were on their journey, the Lady of Cofitachiqui "left the road, with the excuse of going in the thicket, where, deceiving them, she so concealed herself that for all their search she could not be found." De Soto, frustrated in his quest to find her, moved on to Guaxule (Jameson, 1907, p. 176).
Alimamos, a horseman of de Soto who "got lost," somehow wandered upon the refugee slaves. He "labored with the slaves to make leave of their evil designs" but only two of the refugees returned to de Soto. When Alimamos arrived back at the camp with the refugees who had decided to return, "the Governor wished to hang them" (Jameson, p. 177). [paragraph 6]However, the horseman also made another report. He stated that "The Cacica remained in Xualla, with a slave of Andre de Vasconcelas,(the Portuguese jp) who would not come with him (Alimamos), and that it was very sure that they lived together as man and wife, and were to go together to Cutafichiqui" (Jameson, p. 177). THE DESOTO JOURNALS 1587
List of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition HERE
To Be Continued
Next Up Juan Pardo
